'Majority rule is the right response to resolving disagreements in Outline

'Majority rule is the right response to resolving disagreements in society.' Discuss - Outline Example Government is an institution majorly formed to create stable society for the people that it governs. The people are however a complex group with widely varying wishes, needs and ideas as such the government must always turn to majority rule. The government cannot in anyway please everyone all the time. It must focus on making most of the people happy in order to gain stability faster (Web, N.d). Right is conformance with justice, law or morality. It is fair and effective. Rights can also be defined as entitlements to perform certain actions, or to be certain in states or entitlements that others perform certain actions. They dominate modern understandings of what actions are permissible and which institutions are just. They structure the form of governments, content of laws, and distribution of freedom and authority. Thus to accept a set of rights is same as to approve a distribution of freedom and authority and hence to endorse a certain view of what may, must and must not be done ( Wenar, 2010). Many theorists agree that A’s claim-right gives B a second order reason not to act on some first order reason. To go by this route we would need to tamper the conclusiveness of the conclusive reasons implied by assertions of rights to accommodate the fact that some rights have priority against others, and if any, few rights outweigh absolutely all non-right considerations in all circumstances (Wenar, 2010).This paper will focus mainly on the principle of majority rule and the rights of the minority. The main arguments are that majority rule is the right response to resolving agreements and supermajority rule is a better response to resolving disagreements in the society. Majority rule is right to resolving disagreements because it provides utility and fairness. Utilitarian argument The principle of utility states that in any circumstance that action ought to be done and that institution ought to obtain all the alternatives available, produces the greatest net ba lance of happiness over unhappiness when we sum up all happiness and unhappiness over all sentient beings from now in to the future (Cohen, 2002). The main feature of utilitarian political feature is that it calls for the maximization of happiness summed over all and not any particular distribution of happiness and subject to the constraint of everyone is above a certain minimum level. Thus from this emphasis on aggregation, utilitarianism requires that we trade off the burdens on some people and benefits to other people. The utility principle reduces highly contested and vague issues of right and wrong to problems that can actually be addressed through public methods of observation and calculation rather appeals to equally vague and contested intuitive ideas. Because of the gains in analytical tractability one may be able to secure greater public agreement about what is at stake in a political dispute and how to resolve it. Hence this principle represents one way to treat people as moral equals and it assigns the happiness of each affected party equal weight in determining what ought to be done. In actual sense the principle of utility represents a refinement of the intuitive idea that conduct and policy are right just in case they have the overall consequences or best results (Cohen, 2002). Egalitarian argument Egalitarian view that equality is the special sense of comparative equality but the prioritarian view that

Mterials & manufacture 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mterials & manufacture 2 - Essay Example Metal matrix composites have been receiving significant attention in recent years, particularly in the area of processing techniques. In many instances the properties of a reinforced metal have been shown to provide a performance advantage over monolithic metal, but the high cost of producing the composite has prohibited widespread commercial use. Of the many potential metal matrix systems, aluminum alloy matrix composites have been the object of much research, primarily due to the light weight, low cost, and ease of fabrication of aluminum. Within the class of Aluminum alloy matrix composites there exist two distinct material systems, namely (i) discontinuously reinforced composites, with the reinforcement taking the form of a particle, a platelet, a whisker, or a chopped fiber, and (ii) continuously reinforced composites, with the reinforcement being a unidirectional or a multidirectional array of continuous fibers. Discontinuously reinforced aluminum alloys have been fabricated by various means, including solidstate processes, such as powder metallurgy techniques (blending of metal and ceramic powders followed by hot pressing) [2], and liquid-state processes, such as compocasting (blending ceramic powder and molten aluminium, agitating and casting) and pressurized liquid-metal infiltration. During this practice work, we had study a Metal Matrix Composite (MMC). This MMC contains 10% of Aluminium oxide or Alumina (reinforcement) and 90% of Aluminium alloy matrix (2618A). The aim of MMC is to improve the properties of this material. Indeed, Aluminium is ductile and Alumina (Al203) is stiff and strong. When we combine these two materials we obtain a composite with better properties. The aim of this laboratory it’s to compare the â€Å"green† density with the sintered density. Moreover, we can see the different structures, between â€Å"green† and sintered density, by an electron microscope available in the

Interpretations of William Faulkners A Rose for Emily :: A Rose for Emily, William Faulkner

Interpretations of William Faulkner's A Rose for Emily William Faulkner's "A Rose for Emily" has been interpreted in many different ways. Most of these rely solely on hints found within the story. I believe that his life can also help one analyze this story. By knowing that Faulkner's strongest influence was his independent mother, one can guess that Miss Emily Grierson's character was based partly on Maud Falkner. William Cuthbert Faulkner was born in New Albany, Mississippi on September 25, 1897. His family moved to Oxford, Mississippi when Faulkner was five years old (Larinde). His parents were Murry and Maud Falkner (Zane 2). Faulkner added the "u" to his last name on his Royal Air Force application for unknown reasons (5). Faulkner's great-grandfather, Colonel William C. Falkner had moved from Tennessee to the Mississippi Delta in 1841. The Colonel was a Civil War hero, plantation owner, railroad builder, and even a writer (Larinde). Faulkner's grandfather and father were both respected, though not wealthy. They were also both alcoholics. Faulkner and his father never had a very good relationship. He and his mother, though, were very close. Maud gave him his love of art and literature. She influenced Faulkner more than anyone else with her strong independence (Zane 3-4). She may have been the inspiration for the strong, independent character, Emily Grierson. "William Faulkner was a quiet but mischievous child, polite and rude, loving and withdrawn" (4). He did well in grade school, but began showing signs of truancy during adolescence. Faulkner dropped out of high school in eleventh grade. In 1918, Faulkner attempted to enlist in the U.S. Army but was turned down. He then applied to the Royal Air Force where he adds the "u" to his last name. He was soon discharged and returned to Oxford, Mississippi. Here he attended the university for two year. "In the decade that followed, Faulkner donned a host of other identities, alternately and aristocrat, a bohemian, or a derelict" (Zane 5). Faulkner established himself as a major novelist in 1929 with the book The Sound and the Fury (Larinde). He wrote twenty novels and many short stories (Zane 1). His greatest achievements were the Nobel Prize for literature in 1950, the National Book Award, and Pulitzer Prizes. All of these awards came after he was fifty (7). Although Faulkner lived in Canada, New Orleans, New York, Hollywood, and Virginia, most of his life was spent in his native Mississippi (Faulkner 177).

Memento – Film Review

Memento is an extremely unique ‘film noir' drama directed by Christopher Nolan, famous for his recent re-birth of the Batman series and currently at the helm of the long awaited ‘The Dark Knight'. Most of his films are difficult to put into a set genre, as they often contain elements of drama, horror, mysteries and action all at the same time. Since his directorial debut 11 years ago, Nolan has been heavily praised as a ‘true visionary' and named ‘one of the greatest intelligent directors of all time' by multiple critics, as well as being renowned for his efficiency and perfectionism both whilst filming, and in the editing room. It is no surprise then, that the content and style of Memento is so different to any other mainstream movie you might see this year. The film follows Leonard Shelby (portrayed by Guy Pearce), a man whose wife died after being raped when two men broke into his home, violating her and leaving him with an injury that causes anterograde amnesia. However, only one of the assailants involved is caught and arrested, causing Leonard to become a vigilante and avenge his wife, using notes and tattoos to help him track down the villain who killed her. This is where Nolan shows his ability to play with film in order to change the audience's perception; because the main protagonist can only remember things that happened before the incident and about three or four minutes before the current time, the film is divided into many short scenes. These scenes are played in reverse order, so that the film begins with the ultimate act of revenge, and from then on back tracks through time to display every shocking detail about Leonard's condition and story. As if this wasn't complicated enough, not everything is as it seems, and small hints of this start to trickle through fractured memories from the very beginning. The film opens with a close-up shot of a flapping Polaroid photograph in somebody's hand of a body lying face down on a bloody floor, immediately grabbing the attention of the viewer and leaving us to watch in bewilderment as the image within the white frame slowly fades to blank. This intrigue is further developed when the photograph is pushed back into a camera which then flashes and we realize that this scene is being played to us in reverse. Then we finally see the face of the main character, appearing scarred and distressed behind the heavy camera before a quick cut to him returning the camera to his pocket. What follows is another close-up, this time a shot taken with the camera laying on its side (something rarely done in cinematography) of blood running across the floor, retreating back into the body that lies there; which cuts again to the shell of a bullet rolling slowly across the ground and yet speeding up, and then a quick transition to a pair of glasses lying upside-down and flecked with blood. Again we see Leonard, this time holding his arm above the ground, where a gun jumps into his hand from the ground below and he begins to point it in front of him. And then everything comes to life in a short burst, with the glasses bouncing and flying onto the face of the body, the shell of ammunition soaring back into the gun, spatters of blood diving from the walls into the back of the corpse's head, and a sudden flash of light from the weapon before showing the open mouthed scream of the man who appears to have just sprung to life. The scene ends abruptly, fading to black, with us throughout the entire short sequence hearing only ambient noise, a gunshot and the reversed yell for help from the man about to die. This is the only reversed scene in the film, although the scenes themselves run in reversed order with distinguishable grayscale scenes interweaved between them that explain Leonard's story further, which eventually fade into colour and continue the main narrative. The fades and transitions are so subtle that you probably wouldn't notice them unless you looked for them. The casting for the movie is brilliant, with every character having their own unique traits and purposes. There are only three principal characters that we see on screen for long periods of time, and this helps in building convincingly realistic characters, as the director has not had to juggle with many actors and actresses. It may take us a while to relate to the main character, as we first see him commit murder before we even hear him speak, but it's not long before we feel that we can be on his side. Leonard plays a complicated role, which is further complicated by both his condition and his actions that we don't always know about, but Guy Pearce fits the role majestically, and pulls off the frequent loss of memory with great finesse. Originally, Brad Pitt was considered for this role, but personally I'm glad he turned it down, as Pitt isn't known for roles like the disabled Leonard, and is instead renowned for anarchistic or secret agent-type parts, and although I would only want to praise his acting ability after seeing him in David Fincher's Fight Club, it may have been harder to take his character as seriously as Guy Pearce is able to bring the character to life. Joe Pantoliano stands out in his performance as Teddy, a police officer and seemingly the main character's friend, though Leonard has to be reminded of who he is every time they meet, as the director's first choice for this role he succeeds in showing his capabilities of feeling both pity and having to lie on screen at the same time, a great challenge for any actor. The costumes reflect the gritty and dark atmosphere of the movie, as everyone in the film is of average wealth, there are no extravagant items of clothing that would distract from the essential points of the film, without all the character's looking the same. Some costumes help for suspicion about the characters to accumulate, as is the purpose of Leonard's expensive suit, of which we find out how he obtained very late into the film. The setting of the film could be any American city, which helps to emphasize that it is the drama and characters that are important and not the locations. There is a typical cheap motel, an abandoned industrial park and a peaceful looking residential estate. These carefully selected locations and the places between them serve for the majority of the film's scenes, and as our familiarity with these places increases, we further realize how Leonard can't feel the same recognition. The soundtrack consists entirely of an original score composed by David Julyan, and sounds quite emotive even without the film alongside it. As with many independent films such as Donnie Darko, the soundtrack is used sparingly and is normally inserted at times of great distress or peril. It can't be denied that the background score suits the imagery of the film throughout and sympathizes with both upsetting and upbeat scenes at both ends of the movie. As indicated in the description of the opening scene, the editing in this film is particularly clever, showing the audience everything in the scene that they need to see, and yet restricting them until the end what they really should have known throughout. Quick cuts are often used, as well as choppy editing for mundane sequences such as Leonard taking a shower, which as well as protecting the actor's modesty speeds the sequence along tremendously well. The camera work for this same scene is also done very effectively. As we see through the eyes of the main character looking through the frosted glass of the shower, we see a dark shape approaching slowly as opposed to seeing an external view of the shower and the clear image of a man sneaking up, as would be done in most movies. Watching this film for the first time is like seeing a Rubik's cube assemble itself in front of your eyes, and it's not likely that every piece will fall into place until a second viewing at the least. This may not appeal to many casual film-viewers, as well as those who may not be intelligent enough to comprehend the plot, and people without the patience to think while watching a film. This may also be the place to be critical about this movie. Although it remains gripping and enthralling throughout, by the end you may be tired and perhaps even confused by all the information fit into just less than two hours. The pacing can also be a problem for people eager to find out what is really going on, with not much going on about three quarters of the way into the film except for scenes that set up what came before them. As the end of the story happens at the beginning of the movie, the end of the movie could be seen as anti-climatic, as it is only really the audience that really finds out what is going on, although it is likely that you'll be in so much of a shock at the twist revealed at the end and thinking about what has already happened that what happens next seems unimportant in comparison anyway. The movie is full of loving nods to other independent movies and isn't without its own dark, sometimes ironic sense of humour, which is injected at regular intervals and can help to push the film along. The film made an astonishingly large profit in both cinema and DVD sales, and continues to baffle even the sharpest critics today. It won no less than 40 different awards and was nominated for more than 30 on top of those, and currently has a place at #29 on the Internet Movie Database's top 250 films of all time, with over 180,000 voters from around the world. If you do get around to seeing this movie, it will be one that you want to see again, perhaps straight afterwards to fill in the clever blanks and notice the subtle allusions that the filmmakers have included to puzzle us the first time round. Whatever you make of it, and whether or not you understand it all at once, you'll probably find it hard to stop watching, and it's not a movie that you will soon forget.

The Humanistic Theory Possibilities in Terms of Nursing and Nursing Education Free Essay Example, 2250 words

The humanistic theory presents relevant points for nursing education. Various experts consider humanism as an inherent part of the change in nursing philosophy as it covers the multinational population including different practice needs. The specific concern of humanism being an educational theory is on the dignity of autonomy of man (Billings and Halstead, 2009). Humanism arises from existentialism which directed most of its activities on focusing on the role of the individual in terms of his commitment and personal choice. Educators who support the humanist philosophy of education support a setting where students are primarily responsible for their learning, focusing on the freedom of choice within the educational process. The student directs learning and the educator is the guide (Purdy, 1997). The educator makes the most of the student s personal learning and development, supporting the student as he matures as a person and as a learner; and also supporting the non-authorit arian applications in the educational process. The educator also helps the student reach self-actualization which as discussed by Maslow (1954) involves the full exploitation of talents and potential. Humanist learning must indicate a chance for the student to learn via different experiences, reflecting on them fully, thereby promoting self-knowledge (Billings and Halstead, 2009). The general goal of this humanistic theory is to help learnings in securing and reaching their maximum potential. As such, its application as a learning theory, in this case, is very much appropriate. We will write a custom essay sample on The Humanistic Theory Possibilities in Terms of Nursing and Nursing Education or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

The History Of The Worlds Legal Systems Free Essay Example, 1500 words

Secondary rules supplement primary rules by providing mechanisms for allowing their identification, their violation, and their modification. According to Hart, secondary rules are rules of recognition, rules of adjudication and rules of the amendment (Hage Pfordten 2009 118). Moreover, other authors see modern legal systems as strictly characteristic of advanced industrial economies, where there are differentiation and stratification of institutions. These elements of stratification and differentiation are reflected in the legal systems as well. In these systems, lawmaking is more extensive and laws are more voluminous, with clear divisions (Sutherland, Cressey Luckenbill 27). Aside from the presence of secondary rules, modern legal systems can be differentiated from primitive legal systems by the existence of an apparent distinction between the civil and criminal jurisdictions, and the public from privacy laws. In early civilizations, there was no clear distinction between crimin al and civil cases. Thus, all cases were heard by the same courts, although there was usually a hierarchy of courts and appeals were allowed to the next higher court. The highest courts are usually at the state level staffed by the king s men and the lowest at the neighborhood or village level. We will write a custom essay sample on The History Of The Worlds Legal Systems or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page In the Aztec society, both criminal and civil cases were appealable to the ruler established court (Trigger 2003 pp.

Is There Anybody Out There. Drug Abuse Is A Major Problem

Is There Anybody Out There? Drug abuse is a major problem in the United States and throughout the world as more and more people become addicted every day. As Maia Salavitz points out, â€Å"Addiction is one of the most serious health problems we face today, and as of 2010, more than 23 million people have an addiction to drugs, and according to the National Institutes of Health, these addictions contribute to more than 100,000 deaths per year.† When you hear the words drug addict you think of a â€Å"junkie† or â€Å"crack head†, and when you see someone pan handling for money on the street, passed out, or swaying in a doorway you wonder why don’t they get help? Through my research, I hope to show what barriers people face when trying to seek the†¦show more content†¦According to results from the 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), an estimated 2.4 million Americans used prescription drugs non-medically for the first time within the past year, which avera ges to approximately 6,600 initiates per day. This population would seek help if not for the fear and shame they feel about being labeled as a drug addict. These stigmas perpetuated by people believing that addiction is a character flaw or a sign of weakness can create such fear in a person that they won’t ever get the help they need. They worry about losing their jobs or family so opt to go without treatment despite the consequences to their health, which could even lead to death. In the â€Å"Addiction† article published by the Gale group it states that â€Å"According to the CDC, in 2013 more than sixteen thousand people died from prescription opioids, an increase of 50 percent in three years.† Addiction does not discriminate; it makes no distinction between a person’s age, sex, color, or financial situation. However, the fear one gets does and the stigma of addiction leaves many Americans unwilling to fund better treatment. Insurance plays a major role in whether or not a person can be treated for addiction. Even when insurance does cover treatment, there might not be an available treatment center or provider to help with your needs. An article written by Brandy Pugh in the National Center onShow MoreRelatedDrug Addiction : Today s Society945 Words   |  4 PagesDrug addiction is one major problem in today’s society. Really, every country faces such issues today. 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Opium, the dry juice from immature seed pods of the opium poppy plant, is a narcotic drug that is very powerful in the relief of pain but is also very addictive. At the beginning Opium was like any other drug, but then people unaware of the harm it could cause began to useRead MoreThe Effects Of Substance Abuse On Children1443 Words   |  6 Pageslead to impairment or distress in many different ways such as, â€Å"recurrent substance use resulting in a failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home, recurrent substance use in situations in which it is physically hazardous, recurrent substance-related legal problems, continued substance use despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the effects of the substance† (Susic, 2007). 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